Crowdsourcing: how is this concept applied to journalism?

With the rise of the Web 2.0, more and more people get to express themselves on the Internet: by contributing to a personal blog, answering to a poll on a website or making comments on any event the web is talking about. Today, those contributions can be neatly managed by news organisations to make you participate to their news production. And this is the object of this blog’s entry: crowdsourcing the news.

Jeff Howe

The crowd likes to be involved

Jeff Howe is the man who coined the term “crowdsourcing” in 2006 in an article called “The Rise of crowdsourcing.” At the time he was a contributing editor of the Wired magazine. Now he tends to be perceived as The Crowdsourcing expert. But you may wonder…

What is crowdsourcing?

As Jeff Howe well expressed it, crowdsourcing is a process of involving the public, the crowd, into a task by an open call. And this process if often made through a website. The definition could include many sorts of calls, indeed. To a large extent, crowdsourcing can be applied to solving a scientific problem, as the company InnoCentive started to do in 2001, or as IStockphotos managed in outsourcing the task of photographing an event to a voluntary crowd instead of hiring a professional photographer for instance.

Crowdsourcing takes many forms. But one thing makes it unique: it empowers the crowd. As the crowd represents different brains, different competences, it can be even more creative, efficient, innovative and influent than a single man working in his office on a task he has no grasp into.

How news organisations make the most of it?

In the context of Journalism, you can well imagine that the journalist and the news organisation one can work for were primarily the only gatekeepers of news, and you were waiting for them to be informed. If there was a place for you to communicate with the newspaper, there was the “letters to the editor”, and not many more.

Today news organisations have their websites. Moreover, if you give a closer look to them, you will notice they even make a space for you to act and communicate. Not by solely adding comments. There is more!

In England, the BBC has launched Have your Say ; in the USA, CNN opened iReport. And the Swiss news organisations are not the last: The RTS has Vos infos and The 20minutes has the Lecteur-Reporter’s platform. All fell in the new trend. They all let you the chance to be part of their work, or in other words: now the news need you.

As a million of events happen across the world, reporters and journalists cannot cover them all. This is where the audience is powerful: it can improve their coverage.

When terrorists set off a series of bombs on buses and subways in London, who produced the most riveting images and sound bites? The passengers and their cell phones.” [1] When an accident occur next to your home, or on your way to work, you are the first witness of the event and no professional reporter could catch the same tension you were able to grasp when it happens.

With a single photo, a video, a short message, you can make a newsroom get up. You can even make it change its editorial agenda.

 

http://makeit-real.fr

 

For Bernard Rappaz, Editor in chief at the RTS in Switzerland, crowdsourcing makes a news media quicker than before. Using Twitter, Facebook, and their crowdsourcing tool on their website, the members of the newsroom can compete with the news agencies they are sometimes dependent on. As Mathieu Coutaz confirms himself: it allows the staff to be the first on the scene and to be always closer to the stories that interest the people their work for.

Mathieu Coutaz

Mathieu Coutaz is the content manager for 20minutes online in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. The 20minutes is The daily newspaper distributed in Switzerland and this, for free. Its platform “lecteur-reporteur” has been launched in 2006 and the newspaper rewards any contributions that it eventually publishes on its web. What is most, “50% to 70% of the contributions that are selected go on the print edition” Mathieu Coutaz explains. And he emphasises one fundamental point that cannot be neglected: your photos and stories go through a process of verification before getting anything done. “When verified, the contributions of the audience can influence the editorial agenda on the temporal and hierarchical aspects. If it has to be treated before another news, and if the story is worth being published at the top of our agenda, then of course we do it.”

For the one that may want to ask: But isn’t it citizen journalism? In fact, no it isn’t. Robert Niles states this argument in his “Journalist’s guide to crowdsourcing”:

Crowdsourcing does not ask readers to become anything more than what they’ve always been: eyewitness to their daily lives.

In that sense the news organisations save their first role of gatekeepers: the readers don’t write the stories, they only contribute to it: the final decision of its treatement and broadcast still lies in the professional’s hands.

Crowdsourcing at risks

In an interesting article, Darren Gilbert warns that “crowdsourcing can be as advantageous as it can be dangerous.” Although readers are willing to contribute to the news, some are able to get a journalist on the wrong track. He takes the example of a recent scandal that occurred in the United States: a company named Journatic published news gathered from the public. And there were actually wrong!

In Switzerland, all the news platforms I discovered ask for the name and mail address of the contributors, in order to be able to get back to him/her. A mail address can be fake, indeed, but in any case, Swiss news organsations do the verification before publishing, which can avoid some serious faux pas.

To cope it all, crowdsourcing may well bring the public and the news organisation closer than before. It may establish a new relationship between the public and the news media: a trust that could have been lost. But it still needs to be well used in order not to lose what crowdsourcing is for journalism: a relevant tool to make the crowd part of the work, for a better and substantial result.

I am now turning to you

 Have you ever contributed to the news of your local newspaper?

What do you think of the crowdsourcing concept regarding journalism?

 

And to go further…

A new trend in crowdsourcing is for journalists to use special crowdsourcing platforms to gather the information they couldn’t find from their places, such as Ushahidi‘s platform, specialised in mapping crowdsourcing information.

The TED talks also got into the crowdsourcing concept, here is a talk held by Paul Lewis about the impact of crowdsourcing the news for investigative journalism.

And to be always up to date with the last seminars about crowdsourcing and journalism, have a look at the European Journalism Center’s website, it’s worth it!

By Céline Bilardo

[1] Howe, J. 2008.  Crowdsourcing: Why the power of the crowd is driving the future of business. 1st ed. USA: Ed.Crown Business. p.212.

How the iPad can change the newspapers industry?

Since Gutenberg, the paper industry hasn’t been so disturbed. In April 2010, Apple launched a new product called iPad. They presented their tablet like a new electronic product which will change our daily life.

The iPad is midway between the phone and the traditional notebook and its price starts at $ 499. Like the iPhone or the iTouch, the iPad is multi-touch. This means that you touch the screen in order to do actions. Without a keyboard the iPad isn’t a real production tool.

This tablet is primarily oriented on consumption of books, magazines, digital newspapers, movies and Internet with the 3G access. You can also download applications on the Apple Store. With this new product category, some media society saw an opportunity (or an obligation) to focus their attention on digital content.

But how such an object can pretend to change the newspaper industry?

Indeed, there are many questions. Let’s take a deeper look at the advantages of the iPad:

• Memory: Compared to a standard book which takes almost the same space, the iPad 2 has got 16, 32 or 64 GB of storage. With 16 GB you can store more than 10’000 digitals books. This means that you can have the library of your town just in your bag.
• Media convergence: With the iPad all types of media are used. We can have text and photos like on a traditional newspaper but we can also have songs and videos. With the Internet access you can use the hypertext links to deepen your knowledge.
• Interactivity: The iPad also provides the ability to interact with the content: Scrolling through images, zooming into a photo, playing or stopping a video, commenting an article, moving into a 3D photo, looking for a place on a map, etc.
• Price: Finally a digital book is necessarily cheaper than a book. In the digital word, there is no distribution, no needs of paper and so no impression costs. The removal of theses intermediates allows media companies to revise their prices downward.

We could also name other advantages like the luminosity, which helps you to read in the dark or the possibility to zoom into the text.

Rupert Murdoch, the founder of News Corporation, launched the first daily newspapers of the world on the iPad simply called The Daily on the 2. February 2011. Rates are proposed at 14 cents per day, 99 cents per week and also 40 $ for per year. The creation of this newspaper costs nearly $ 30 million. Since its launch the newspapers application has been downloaded 800,000 times. If this is a correct figure, it seems that few readers have become subscribers after the free trial period. The Daily would need about 600,000 subscribers to become truly profitable. In this case, the 30% of commissions that are paid back to Apple is also counted. Currently, official figures have not been released but there are about 120,000 daily readers of the newspaper.

The newspaper, however, faces major obstacles. Indeed, today only a little part of the population has an iPad. The sales of the iPad 2 are relatively good, with 15 million sells, but it will takes more time to reach every family. This means that the market is currently booming but is relatively small for a newspaper’s ambition.

In addition, as mentioned earlier, Apple takes 30% of the selling price of applications sold on the Apple Store. This constraint is relatively difficult to maintain for most companies wishing to sell their application to an extreme low price.

Currently, 83% of tablets sold are iPads. However on Android, the operating system from Google, applications are much free because they are not charged with 30 % by Google. The Daily announced to open his digital newspaper on Android tablets soon.

Are people really ready to read newspapers on a tablet?

On this graph from observatoire-bd-numerique.com, only 25.8% of the websites users say they use the iPad for reading. The major part, 46.2 % uses it rather for Internet and e-mails. This means that reading books or newspapers on screen haven’t become an habit yet.

Most of the people are still very attached to the paper. Actually, we don’t know if people really want all of these technologies. Some people just want to read something which is easy and don’t care about interactivity. On this video we can also see all the advantages of a book.

People also argue that the screen tires the eyes seriously. This problem could be solved in the future. Companies are working on new type of screen which is called “amoled”. These screens are foldable and extremely thin (about 1mm). These screens would be also less aggressive for our eyes.

In conclusion, it is relatively too early to say if the iPad is able to change definitely the newspapers industry. Furthermore, I think that people’s mentality has to get used to digital content. I used the iPad during one day and I am still skeptical about it because I feel more comfortable with a real newspaper. However, the tablet is still likely to evolve and it would be possible to imagine that the arrival of new AMOLED screens will even more upset the newspapers industry and truly give a boost to the tablets.